Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, Mint, CentOS Tutorials
Directories or folders can contain multiple files and directories. These multiple files and directories use some disk space and have a size. But when we list the files and directories we see that the directory size is listed as 4096 bytes or 4KB. This is the directory standard size which does not contain the files … Read more
TTY or Tele Type Writer is a device that is used to provide input into the destination system. TTY is a generic term that is used for different hardware and software for different systems. TTY History First TTYs are created in the 1830s with the name of teleprinters. Teleprinters were hardware devices that are used … Read more
Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution that uses *.deb packages. The package management can be done via different ways or tools like apt, apt-get, dpkg, GUI Package manager, etc. You may ask how can you list installed packages in Ubuntu for different cases by using different tools. List Installed Packages with apt Command The apt … Read more
The modprobe command can be used to load ad unload modules for the Linux kernel. By default the kernel modules are loaded and removed automatically by Linux. But this may not work in some cases or not suitable. modprobe Configuration Files Kernel modules are configured with diffrent configuration files. These configuration files used to load, … Read more
Linux command-line interface or bash is one of the most strong and popular parts of it. A regular system administrator spends a lot of his time on the terminal and types a lot of commands. Daily operations generally repeat where previously executed commands are generally executed again and again. The history command is used to … Read more
Linux user authentication is done with the shadow password file. the shadow password file is configured with the login.defs configuration file which is located under the /etc. This file provides configuration like password maximum days, password minimum days, etc. In this tutorial, we will examine the /etc/login.defs configuration file and different configurations. Mail Storage Directory … Read more
Linux is a file-based operating system where everything is a file. As a file-based operating system, there are a lot of tools and commands related to the files. The lsof command is used to find a list of opened files by a process. The name lsof comes from “LiSt of Opened Files”. The lsof command … Read more
The Linux and Unix systems provide the shutdown command in order to turn off or shut down the computer. Even there are different commands to shut down a Linux and Unix system the shutdown is the de facto way. The shutdown command provides some features and options which can be used to shut down a … Read more
During establishing an SSH connection you may get the “Error permission denied (publickey)” error. This error prevents you from connecting to the remote system via SSH. The remote system can be Linux, Ubuntu, Mint, Kali, Linode Server, Digital Ocean Server or AWS server, etc. This error is generated because of cryptographic keys. “Error Permission Denied(publickey)” … Read more
SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol created to connect and manage systems remotely in a secure manner. SSH is the most popular protocol to manage Linux and Network systems via a command-line interface. As a Linux distribution, Ubuntu supports the SSH protocol as an SSH server and SSH client. In this tutorial we will learn … Read more