Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, Mint, CentOS Tutorials
RPM-based Linux distributions like CentOS, RHEL, Fedora use the yum package manager in order to update, list, install and remove packages. Alternatively, the new command dnf is also adopted for these Linux distributions for package management. If we want to list installed packages in CentOS, RHEL or Fedora we can use yum or dnf commands. … Read more
Bash and bash scripts executed and terminated after execution. After the bash script execution is complete some information about the script is returned. This information is called exit status or exit code. The exit status or exit code can be also returned by using the exit command by using explicitly. Exit Status Every shell command … Read more
Directories or folders are used to store different items like files, directories, folder data, etc. While working with these items we may need to list them especially directories. There are different commands those can be used to list directories. In this tutorial, we will learn how to list directories in Linux. List Directories with ls … Read more
Operating systems like Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc. use the hosts file in order to store domain name/hostname IP relations. Simply the hosts file is used like a local DNS server where the hostnames resolved into IP addresses. These operating systems follow hosts file -> local DNS cache -> DNS server in order to resolve the … Read more
Linux Bash shell provides the exec command in order to create a new process for the provided command and replace it with the current bash shell process. The exec command derived from the bash low-level exec() method. The exec command executes provided command with the provided arguments. exec Command Syntax The bash exec command has … Read more
As a flexible and advanced scripting environment bash provides the ability to create and run functions. Functions can be created without parameters or with parameters. By using functions with parameters the functions can be used more efficiently by using different data for different cases. In this tutorial, we will examine how to pass parameters into … Read more
The cURL is computer software and command-line tools used to make requests for different protocols. But the most popular usage with the curl command is making HTTP post requests. Even the curl command-line tool is created for the Linux operating systems it is cross-platform which can be used for Windows, MacOSX, BSD, etc. In this … Read more
The Linux tee command is used to process the standard input and copy the input data into another output or a file. The tee command is generally used with other commands in order to save their input into a file and also redirect to the other commands for processing. tee Command Syntax The Linux tee … Read more
Linux provides the passwd command in order to manage password and related configurations. The passwd can be used for the current user and other users. In order to use passwd command for other users, the root privileges should be provided by logging in to the root or using the sudo command. passwd Command Syntax The … Read more
All of the Linux distributions stores user information in a central file named /etc/passwd. The /etc/passwd file is a simple text based flat database which contains the current Linux system users with information like user name, user ID, default shell etc. Decades ago the /etc/passwd was also containing the user password hashes but because of … Read more